Существует два наиболее известных и авторитетных списка sight words: Dolch Sight Words и Fry Sight Words.
Оба они используются для обучения беглому чтению на английском языке, но различаются по подходу, количеству слов и целевой аудитории.
Dolch Sight Words — 220 + 95 существительных
Список Dolch Sight Words был создан педагогом Эдвардом Уильямом Долчем и опубликован в 1948 году. Долч проанализировал детские книги, журналы и учебники того времени, чтобы определить, какие слова чаще всего встречаются в текстах для начинающих читателей.
В результате он составил список из 220 основных служебных слов (местоимений, артиклей, предлогов, простых глаголов и прилагательных) и вынес в отдельный список 95 часто используемых существительных. Эти слова охватывают около 50–75% всех текстов для детей.
Список Долча разделён на пять уровней сложности: Pre-K (Pre-Primer), Kindergarten (Primer), Grade 1, Grade 2 и Grade 3, плюс отдельный набор существительных. Такой подход позволяет постепенно выстраивать обучение, начиная с самых простых слов и продвигаясь к более сложным.
Fry Sight Words — 1000 слов
Список Fry Sight Words был разработан доктором Эдвардом Фраем в 1957 году и обновлён в 1980-х. В отличие от Долча, Фрай опирался на статистический анализ корпуса английских текстов: газет, учебников, журналов, книг и других материалов, что сделало список более современным и универсальным.
Он включает 1000 наиболее часто употребляемых слов английского языка, распределённых по 10 уровням по 100 слов в каждом. Эти слова расположены по частоте встречаемости. Первые 100 слов встречаются примерно в 50% всех печатных текстов, первые 300 слов — примерно в 65%, а весь список из 1000 слов покрывает около 90% всех английских текстов.
Список Фрая подходит для обучения всех уровней: от начинающих читателей до старшеклассников и взрослых, изучающих английский. Он активно используется для развития беглости чтения, понимания текстов, правописания и грамотности.
Как использовать списки Dolch и Fry
В большинстве современных школ США, Великобритании и других стран списки Dolch и Fry применяются совместно:
• Сначала изучаются Dolch Sight Words — они создают основу для чтения и помогают быстро распознавать самые базовые слова.
• Затем подключается список Fry Sight Words для расширения словарного запаса, повышения скорости чтения и улучшения понимания текста.
Такой подход позволяет постепенно развивать навык чтения: от простых слов к более сложным, что делает процесс обучения эффективным как для детей, так и для взрослых.
Полный список Dolch Sight Words (315 слов)
Pre-K (Pre-Primer) — 40 слов
a, and, away, big, blue, can, come, down, find, for, funny, go, help, here, I, in, is, it, jump, little, look, make, me, my, not, one, play, red, run, said, see, the, three, to, two, up, we, where, yellow, you
Kindergarten (Primer) — 52 слова
all, am, are, at, ate, be, black, brown, but, came, did, do, eat, four, get, good, have, he, into, like, must, new, no, now, on, our, out, please, pretty, ran, ride, saw, say, she, so, soon, that, there, they, this, too, under, want, was, well, went, what, white, who, will, with, yes
Grade 1 — 41 слово
after, again, an, any, as, ask, by, could, every, fly, from, give, going, had, has, her, him, his, how, just, know, let, live, may, of, old, once, open, over, put, round, some, stop, take, thank, them, then, think, walk, were, when
Grade 2 — 46 слов
always, around, because, been, before, best, both, buy, call, cold, does, don't, fast, first, five, found, gave, goes, green, its, made, many, off, or, pull, read, right, sing, sit, sleep, tell, their, these, those, upon, us, use, very, wash, which, why, wish, work, would, write, your
Grade 3 — 41 слово
about, better, bring, carry, clean, cut, done, draw, drink, eight, fall, far, full, got, grow, hold, hot, hurt, if, keep, kind, laugh, light, long, much, myself, never, only, own, pick, seven, shall, show, six, small, start, ten, today, together, try, warm
Dolch Nouns — 95 слов
apple, baby, back, ball, bear, bed, bell, bird, birthday, boat, box, boy, bread, brother, cake, car, cat, chair, chicken, children, Christmas, coat, corn, cow, day, dog, doll, door, duck, egg, eye, farm, farmer, father, feet, fire, fish, floor, flower, game, garden, girl, good-bye, grass, ground, hand, head, hill, home, horse, house, kitty, leg, letter, man, men, milk, money, morning, mother, name, nest, night, paper, party, picture, pig, rabbit, rain, ring, robin, Santa Claus, school, seed, sheep, shoe, sister, snow, song, squirrel, stick, street, sun, table, thing, time, top, toy, tree, watch, water, way, wind, window, wood
Полный список Fry Sight Words (1000 слов)
Fry — Первые 100 слов
a, about, after, again, all, an, and, any, are, as, at, be, been, before, big, boy, but, by, call, came, can, come, could, day, did, do, down, each, find, first, for, from, get, give, go, had, has, have, he, her, him, his, how, I, if, in, into, is, it, like, little, long, look, made, make, many, may, more, my, no, not, now, number, of, on, one, or, other, out, over, part, people, said, see, she, so, some, than, that, the, their, them, then, there, these, they, this, time, to, two, up, use, was, water, way, we, were, what, when, which, who, will, with, words, would, write, you, your
Fry — Вторые 100 слов
always, around, because, been, before, best, both, buy, call, cold, does, don’t, fast, first, five, found, gave, goes, green, its, made, many, off, or, pull, read, right, sing, sit, sleep, tell, their, these, those, upon, us, use, very, wash, which, why, wish, work, would, write, your, after, again, an, any, as, ask, by, could, every, fly, from, give, going, had, has, her, him, his, how, just, know, let, live, may, of, old, once, open, over, put, round, some, stop, take, thank, them, then, think, walk, were, when
Fry — Третьи 100 слов
add, air, animal, away, big, below, between, book, car, change, children, city, close, country, cut, don’t, earth, eat, end, eye, face, family, farm, father, feet, fire, fish, food, four, girl, good, got, group, grow, hard, head, hear, high, house, idea, important, keep, kind, land, last, left, let, life, light, list, mile, miss, mountain, near, never, next, night, open, page, paper, plant, real, river, run, school, sea, second, sentence, soon, start, story, talk, thing, thought, tree, under, until, watch, while, white, wind, without, young
Fry — Четвёртые 100 слов
above, add, almost, along, always, began, begin, being, below, between, book, both, car, carry, children, city, close, country, cut, didn’t, earth, eat, enough, every, example, eyes, face, family, far, father, feet, few, food, four, girl, got, group, grow, half, hard, head, hear, high, idea, important, Indian, keep, kind, knew, land, later, leave, left, let, life, light, list, might, mile, miss, mountains, near, never, next, night, often, once, open, own, page, paper, plant, real, river, run, saw, school, sea, second, seem, sentence, soon, start, story, talk, things, thought, tree, under, until, watch, while, white, without, young
Fry — Пятые 100 слов
across, against, area, become, better, black, body, boat, brought, built, cannot, carefully, check, cold, color, common, complete, correct, course, covered, cried, dark, decide, deep, done, dry, English, fall, fast, feel, finally, fine, floor, fly, full, game, gave, gone, green, half, happen, heavy, hold, hot, hours, however, hundred, inside, instead, known, language, machine, material, minutes, money, moment, moon, mountains, music, notice, outside, paint, pattern, perhaps, plan, plane, problem, question, quickly, quite, ready, really, remember, rock, round, rule, run, scientist, shape, simple, size, special, stand, stay, street, strong, sun, system, table, test, today, toward, town, travel, type, usually, voice, wait, warm, weather, wheels, wild, winter, written
Fry — Шестые 100 слов
able, already, although, am, among, ball, base, behind, bill, blue, bring, building, built, care, carefully, check, class, clear, close, cold, color, correct, course, decimal, decided, dictionary, divide, east, equation, example, explain, fact, factors, field, filled, finally, foot, front, gas, government, grass, heavy, held, heat, include, interest, length, matter, maybe, mind, minute, moment, north, notice, nouns, object, perhaps, power, produce, products, pulled, questions, quickly, reached, represent, rest, road, rule, science, section, sentence, shape, shown, simple, single, size, snow, south, special, spring, square, standing, stay, strong, surface, syllables, teacher, thousand, triangle, unit, usually, verbs, village, west, winter, wire, within
Fry — Седьмые 100 слов
able, addition, afternoon, ahead, already, allow, amount, army, balance, band, bank, bare, beat, beauty, belong, block, blood, blow, bones, born, break, breath, bright, broken, brother, camp, capital, captain, case, century, chart, chief, choose, colonies, consider, continued, cost, cotton, crowd, current, deal, death, describe, desert, determine, developed, discovered, division, doctor, dress, drink, drop, duty, effect, especially, evening, except, exciting, experience, experiment, express, extra, factory, famous, farmers, feed, felt, fight, finished, flew, fruit, fun, general, gentle, glad, gray, grew, guide, gun, history, human, hurried, inch, increase, information, island, job, jumped, killed, lady, lake, law, legs, length, lifted, location, lunch, main, managed, manufacturing
Fry — Восьмые 100 слов
act, actual, agreed, ahead, amount, ancient, angle, announced, anyone, arrange, attention, audience, author, automobile, avoid, baby, baseball, bat, battle, became, behavior, bell, belong, bend, birth, board, border, bottle, bottom, brick, bridge, bright, bring, broken, brother, brush, business, cake, canal, captain, carry, case, cattle, century, chance, chart, chief, children, choose, circus, citizens, climb, clock, clothing, coal, coast, college, colonies, column, company, compare, complete, compound, condition, consonant, continent, continued, control, cookies, corner, cotton, counted, couple, courage, court, cover, create, crops, current, curve, daily, dance, danger, dangerous, decide, declared, deep, degree, depend, describe, desert, design, details, direction, discover, distance, divided, division, double, dropped, drove
Fry — Девятые 100 слов
ahead, airplane, alike, alive, alone, alphabet, although, among, angle, angry, animal, apartment, appearance, army, arrange, arrived, article, artist, asleep, attached, attempt, attention, audience, autumn, average, balance, band, bare, baseball, basket, battle, beauty, became, behavior, belief, belong, beneath, berries, bicycle, birth, bit, blank, blanket, blind, board, bold, bone, bottle, bottom, brain, branch, brave, bread, breath, breeze, brick, bridge, bright, broken, brought, brush, build, burst, business, butter, button, cabin, cage, camera, camp, canal, capital, captain, captured, care, careful, carefully, carried, case, castle, caught, cause, cave, cell, center, century, certain, chain, chair, chalk, chance, chapter, charge, chart, chase, check, cheese, chemical, chest, chicken
Fry — Десятые 100 слов
circus, citizens, climb, clock, clothing, coal, coast, college, colonies, column, company, compare, complete, compound, condition, consonant, continent, continued, control, cookies, corner, cotton, counted, couple, courage, court, cover, create, crops, current, curve, daily, dance, danger, dangerous, decide, declared, deep, degree, depend, describe, desert, design, details, direction, discover, distance, divided, division, double, dropped, drove, effect, electric, energy, engine, entire, especially, evidence, example, except, exchange, exciting, expect, experiment, explanation, factory, favorite, feature, figures, final, finish, flight, following, football, foreign, forward, fresh, frozen, function, future, gathered, gentle, giant, government, grabbed, grade, grain, graph, greatest, grew, group, guard, guess, guide, habit, handle, happen, harbor, hard, headed