Сочинительные и подчинительные союзы и их значения
| Название | Союзы | Примеры предложений |
|---|---|---|
| Сочинительные союзы (Coordinating Conjunctions) | ||
| Соединительные |
and — и as well as — так же как neither … nor — ни … ни both … and — как … так и not only … but also — не только … но и |
Kate goes to the park, and I go with her. Tom speaks Spanish as well as English. Neither Kate nor Anna was ready. Both my sister and I enjoy reading. She is not only smart but also hardworking. |
| Разделительные |
either … or — или … или or — или | Either go with me or stay here. Would you like tea or coffee? |
| Противительные |
still — всё же yet — тем не менее but — но |
It was late; still, we continued working. He tried hard, yet he failed the test. Kate looked for the doll everywhere, but couldn’t find it. |
| Союзы причины | for — ибо, так как | Kate decided to take the umbrella, for it looked like rain. |
| Союзы результата / следствия |
therefore — поэтому thus — таким образом so — так что |
It was raining; therefore, we stayed at home. He didn’t study; thus, he failed the exam. I’m not hungry, so there is no need to have dinner. |
| Подчинительные союзы (Subordinating Conjunctions) | ||
| Временные |
after — после того как before — прежде чем when — когда where — где until (till) — до тех пор, пока не… as — в то время как, когда as long as — до тех пор пока |
We went for a walk after dinner. Finish your homework before you watch TV. Call me when you arrive. Stay where you are. Let’s wait until the rain stops. I saw him as I was leaving the house. You can stay here as long as you are quiet. |
| Сравнительные |
as — как as … as — такой же … как as if (as though) — как будто (бы) |
Say the word as I said it. This book is as interesting as that one. He speaks as if he knew everything. |
| Условные | if — если | He will do it if you ask him. |
| Изъяснительные |
that — что whether — ли if — ли (в косвенных вопросах) |
Kate told me that she would come at seven. I don’t know whether he will agree. I don’t know if he will agree. |
| Причинные |
because — потому что since — поскольку as — так как |
I can’t go to the cinema because I’m busy. Since you are here, let’s start. As it was late, we decided to leave. |
| Цели | so that — для того чтобы | Speak louder so that everyone can hear you. |