Предлоги в английском языке
Предлоги в английском языке показывают место, направление, время, причину, способ действия и другие отношения между словами в предложении. Ниже представлены основные группы предлогов с примерами употребления.
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Предлоги места
| Предлог | Значение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| in | внутри, в | The keys are in the bag. |
| on | на поверхности | The book is on the table. |
| at | у, в (точка) | She is at the door. |
| under | под | The cat is under the chair. |
| below | ниже | The shelf is below the mirror. |
| above | над (выше уровня) | The picture is above the sofa. |
| over | над / над чем-то (часто с движением) | The plane flew over the city. |
| between | между (двумя) | The shop is between two banks. |
| among | среди (трёх и более) | She is popular among her classmates. |
| behind | позади | The garden is behind the house. |
| in front of | перед | He is standing in front of the building. |
| next to / beside | рядом | She sat next to me. |
| near | рядом, недалеко от | There is a bank near my house. |
| opposite | напротив | The pharmacy is opposite the park. |
| around | вокруг | The children ran around the playground. |
| along | вдоль | We walked along the river. |
| across | через, поперёк | They walked across the street. |
Предлоги направления и движения
| Предлог | Значение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| to | к, в (направление) | She went to school. |
| into | внутрь | He walked into the room. |
| onto | на (движение на поверхность) | The cat jumped onto the table. |
| out of | из (наружу) | She ran out of the house. |
| from | от, из (исходная точка) | He came from France. |
| through | через (сквозь, внутри) | We walked through the forest. |
| across | через, поперёк (с одной стороны на другую) | They swam across the river. |
| along | вдоль | We walked along the beach. |
| towards | по направлению к | He moved towards the exit. |
| around | вокруг (движение по кругу) | They ran around the park. |
| off | с (движение с поверхности) | The vase fell off the shelf. |
| up | вверх | She climbed up the ladder. |
| down | вниз | He ran down the hill. |
Предлоги времени
| Предлог | Значение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| in | в (периоды: год, месяц, утро/день/вечер, век) | in July; in 2020; in the morning |
| on | в (дни недели, даты) | on Monday; on 5 May; on Christmas Day |
| at | в (точное время), ночью; в некоторые праздники/праздничный период | at 7 o’clock; at night; at Christmas |
| for | в течение (длительность) | I stayed there for two hours. |
| since | с (момента начала) | I have lived here since 2020. |
| from ... to | с … по … | From Monday to Friday. |
| until / till | до (конечного момента) | We waited until 6 p.m. |
| by | к (срок, не позже) | Submit the report by Friday. |
| during | в течение (события/периода) | during the meeting |
| after | после | after lunch |
| before | до | before dinner |
Предлоги причины, цели и способа
| Предлог | Значение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| because of | из-за | The match was cancelled because of the rain. |
| due to | из-за / вследствие | The delay was due to traffic. |
| owing to | из-за / по причине | The game was postponed owing to bad weather. |
| thanks to | благодаря | Thanks to her help, we finished early. |
| for | для (получатель); ради | This present is for you. |
| by | на (транспорте); с помощью | She travelled by train. |
| with | с (инструмент) | He cut it with a knife. |
| without | без | She left without saying goodbye. |
| despite | несмотря на | Despite the rain, we went out. |
Фразовые и составные предлоги
| Предлог | Значение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| in front of | перед | He is standing in front of the building. |
| next to | рядом | She sat next to me. |
| in spite of | несмотря на | In spite of the rain, we went out. |
| according to | согласно | According to the report, sales increased. |
| instead of | вместо | I drank tea instead of coffee. |