Модальные глаголы
Таблица модальных глаголов английского языка с их значениями, формами утверждений, отрицаний и вопросов, а также примерами употребления.
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| Глагол | Значение | Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Can | способность / возможность | I can swim. | I cannot (can't) swim. | Can you swim? |
| разрешение (неформально) | You can enter. | You cannot (can't) enter. | Can I enter? | |
| Could | прошедшая способность (could = past of can) | I could swim when I was five. | I could not (couldn't) swim. | Could you swim when you were five? |
| гипотетическая возможность / вежливая просьба | We could go if it rained. | We could not (couldn't) go. | Could you help me? | |
| May | разрешение (официально) | You may enter. | You may not enter. (запрещено) | May I enter? |
| вероятность / предположение | It may rain tomorrow. | It may not rain tomorrow. | — | |
| Might | меньшая вероятность / предположение | He might come. | He might not come. | — |
| Must | обязанность / необходимость (говорящий считает нужным) | I must go. | I must not go. (запрещено) | Must I go? |
| логическое заключение (уверенность) | She must be tired. | She can't be tired. (не может быть) | — | |
| Have to | внешняя обязанность / необходимость | I have to go to work. | I don't have to go. (не нужно / не обязан) | Do I have to go? |
| правила / расписание / обстоятельства | We have to submit it by Monday. | We don't have to submit it. (не обязательно) | Do we have to submit it? | |
| Shall | предложение / предложение помощи | We shall start at 10. (официально) | We shall not (shan't) start at 10. | Shall we meet? |
| Should | совет / рекомендация | You should study. | You should not (shouldn't) worry. | Should I study more? |
| ожидание / вероятность | He should arrive soon. | He shouldn't arrive late. | Should he arrive soon? | |
| Will | будущее / намерение | I will help. | I will not (won't) help. | Will you help? |
| Would | вежливая просьба / предложение | Would you like some tea? | Would you like some coffee instead? | Would you like some tea? |
| гипотетическая ситуация (условие) | I would go if I could. | I would not (wouldn't) go. | Would you go if you could? | |
| Ought to | моральная обязанность / совет | You ought to help. | You ought not to help. | Ought you to help? |