Глагол to be
Что такое глагол to be и зачем он нужен
Глагол to be — это глагол-связка, который в английском языке обязателен в предложении. Он переводится как «быть», «являться», «находиться» и используется в пяти основных случаях:
1. Идентификация (кто это / что это): She is my sister. — Она моя сестра. This is a book. — Это книга. He is my friend. — Он мой друг. It is a great idea. — Это отличная идея.
2. Возраст и профессия: I am twenty years old. — Мне двадцать лет. She is a doctor. — Она врач. He is a student at Harvard. — Он студент Гарварда. They are engineers. — Они инженеры.
3. Состояние и эмоции: I am tired. — Я устал. They are happy. — Они счастливы. She is hungry. — Она голодна. We are excited about the trip. — Мы в восторге от поездки.
4. Местонахождение: We are at school. — Мы в школе. He is at work now. — Он сейчас на работе. The keys are on the table. — Ключи на столе. My parents are in the garden. — Мои родители в саду.
5. Характеристика предмета: It is interesting. — Это интересно. The film was boring. — Фильм был скучным. This book is really useful. — Эта книга действительно полезная. The weather will be sunny tomorrow. — Завтра погода будет солнечной.
В русском языке глагол в этих случаях опускается, а в английском — нет: I am a student (Я студент), She is at home (Она дома), They were tired (Они были уставшими).
Форма to be зависит от лица и времени. В Present Simple: am — с I, is — с he / she / it, are — с you / we / they. В Past Simple: was — с I / he / she / it, were — с you / we / they. В Future Simple для всех лиц — will be.
Таблица форм глагола to be
Формы глагола to be в трёх временах: утверждения, отрицания, вопросы и краткие ответы.
| Раздел | Лицо | Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос | Краткие ответы |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▸ PRESENT SIMPLE | |||||
| Формы | I | I am a student. | I am not a student. | Am I a student? | Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. |
| You | You are my friend. | You are not my friend. | Are you my friend? | Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. | |
| We | We are ready. | We are not ready. | Are we ready? | Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. | |
| They | They are at home. | They are not at home. | Are they at home? | Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. | |
| He / She / It | He is a doctor. | He is not a doctor. | Is he a doctor? | Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. | |
| ▸ PAST SIMPLE | |||||
| Формы | I | I was tired. | I was not tired. | Was I tired? | Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. |
| You | You were at home. | You were not at home. | Were you at home? | Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. | |
| We | We were ready. | We were not ready. | Were we ready? | Yes, we were. / No, we weren't. | |
| They | They were happy. | They were not happy. | Were they happy? | Yes, they were. / No, they weren't. | |
| He / She / It | He was a student. | He was not a student. | Was he a student? | Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't. | |
| ▸ FUTURE SIMPLE | |||||
| Формы | I | I will be ready. | I will not be ready. | Will I be ready? | Yes, I will. / No, I won't. |
| You | You will be at home. | You will not be at home. | Will you be at home? | Yes, I will. / No, I won't. | |
| We | We will be ready. | We will not be ready. | Will we be ready? | Yes, we will. / No, we won't. | |
| They | They will be happy. | They will not be happy. | Will they be happy? | Yes, they will. / No, they won't. | |
| He / She / It | He will be 16. | He will not be 16. | Will he be 16? | Yes, he will. / No, he won't. | |
Тренажёр: глагол to be
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