Past Perfect — время для описания действия, которое завершилось до другого действия или момента в прошлом. Образуется с помощью had + третья форма глагола (V3). Помогает установить последовательность событий в прошлом. Маркеры: before, by the time, after, already, just.
Формы глагола во всех лицах, правила образования с had + V3, случаи употребления и маркеры времени
| Раздел | Лицо / правило | Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Формы | I | I had worked / been | I had not worked / been | Had I worked / been? |
| You | You had worked / been | You had not worked / been | Had you worked / been? | |
| He / She / It | He had worked / been | He had not worked / been | Had he worked / been? | |
| We | We had worked / been | We had not worked / been | Had we worked / been? | |
| They | They had worked / been | They had not worked / been | Had they worked / been? | |
| Образование | • Вспомогательный глагол had + глагол в третьей форме (V3 / Past Participle) | |||
| • Вопрос и отрицание образуются с помощью had | ||||
| Употребление | • Действие, завершившееся до другого действия в прошлом — I had finished before he arrived | |||
| • Последовательность событий в прошлом — She had left when we came | ||||
| • Действие, завершившееся к определённому моменту в прошлом — They had lived in Paris by 2010 | ||||
| • Причина или объяснение прошлого события — I was tired because I had worked all day | ||||
| Маркеры | before, by the time, after, already, just, till / until then | |||